Iri empathy test11/10/2023 ![]() The differences in empathy scores between men and women are generally from the affective component. We use gender here as the American Psychological Association (APA) defines it: “the condition of being male, female, or neuter,” referring “especially to social or cultural traits,” in contrast to sex, which the APA defines as “refer especially to physical and biological traits”. In this context, “gender” needs to be clarified because it is such a central variable in empathy response. ![]() Many studies in medical students have consistently found a gender difference in empathy, with those who identify as women consistently scoring higher on empathy scales than male identified students. Though some have argued that clinical empathy should be defined as predominantly cognitive, others have pointed out that this definition fails to capture the full breadth of empathy and may introduce possibilities for unethical behavior by clinicians. The cognitive component involves intellectually entering into an understanding of the patient’s perspective, while the emotive component involves an emotive, subjective sharing in another person’s feelings of the experiences. Įmpathy has several components including cognitive and emotive components. ![]() Many of these studies, as Sulzer and colleagues point out, have inconsistent and unclear definitions of empathy, and fail to differentiate the separate components of empathy. Several studies have investigated how empathy changes across medical school, although the clinical significance of empathy declines in medical school has been contested. The effect of medical education on empathy is of great interest to many medical educators. In 2013, the American Association of Medical Colleges incorporated empathy into its list of core competencies for health professionals. Physician empathy is linked with patient satisfaction, patient adherence, diagnostic accuracy, and disease outcomes in blood pressure and diabetes. It enables the bidirectional sharing of information and has therapeutic benefit for the patient. Empathy is central to the physician–patient relationship.
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